Internal and external assets in adolescents who do not consume alcohol
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: alcohol consumption in Mexican adolescents is a public health problem, so research efforts should focus on prevention. This study is based on Benson’s model of assets (2007), which mention that young people have individual and contextual resources that promote positive development and limit their involvement in risk behavior.
Objective: to analyze differences in internal and external assets in high school students with different levels of alcohol consumption.
Method: participants were 990 students from public secondary schools in Mexico City, 52.1% female and 47.9% male, the mean age of participants was 13.6 years. Seven internal and seven external assets were evaluated.
Results: 53.9% of the participants never consumed alcohol, 28.3% had consumed but never or only once they had abused and 17.8% reported abusing consumption in the last month. Men and women who have not consumed alcohol reported significantly higher scores on internal assets. In the case of external assets, young people who have not consumed alcohol also scored significantly higher in all assets, except for healthy friends in both men and women and support and supervision of the father in men.
Discussion and conclusions: the results contribute to the explanation of alcohol consumption among young people and provide elements for the design of interventions to emphasize the assets that should be promoted to prevent young people from drinking alcohol at an early age.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Abar, C., Turrisi, R., & Mallet, K. (2014). Differential trajectories of alcohol-related behaviors across the first year of college by parenting profiles. Psychology of Addictive Behavior, 28(1), 53-61. doi: 10.1037/a0032731
Alfaro, L., Sánchez, M., Andrade, P., Pérez, C., & Montes, A. (2010). Habilidades para la vida, consumo de tabaco y alcohol en adolescentes. Revista Española de Drogodependencias, 35(1), 67-77.
Andrade, P. (2014). Informe Final del Proyecto PAPIIT: IN301912. Desarrollo Positivo del Adolescente como Protector de Conductas de Riesgo. México: Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.
Andrade, P., Morales, N., Sánchez-Xicotencatl, C., & González-González, A. (2013). Fortalezas de los jóvenes que no presentan conductas de riesgo. El Psicólogo Anáhuac, 16, 17-23.
Andrade, P., Pérez, C., Alfaro, L., Sánchez, M., & Montes, A. (2009). Resistencia a la presión de pares y pareja y consumo de tabaco y alcohol en adolescentes. Adicciones, 21(3), 243-250. doi: 10.20882/adicciones.235
Andrade, P., Sánchez-Xicotencatl, C., Demetrio, N., González, A., & Betancourt, D. (2015). Fortalezas externas y consumo de alcohol en adolescentes. Psicología Iberoamericana, 23(2), 27-35.
Armendáriz, N., Alonso, M., Alonso, B., López, M., Rodríguez, L., & Méndez, M. (2014).La familia y el consumo de alcohol y en estudiantes universitarios. Ciencia y Enfermería, 20(3), 109-118.
Beebe, L., Vesely, S., Oman, R., Tolma, E., Aspy, C., & Rodine, S. (2008). Protective assets for non-use of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs among urban American Indian youth in Oklahoma. Maternal Child Health Journal, 12(S1), 82-90. doi: 10.1007/ s10995-008-0325-5
Benson, P. (2007). Developmental assets: an overview of theory, research, and practice.En: R. Lerner, & R. Silbereisen (Eds.), Approaches to positive youth development (pp. 31-58). Estados Unidos: SAGE.
Benson, P. L., Scales, P. C., Hamilton, S. H., & Sesma, A. (2006). Positive youth development: theory, research and applications. In W. Damon, & R.M. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of child psychology: Vol. 1(6th ed., pp. 894-941). New York: Wiley.
Benson, P., Scales, P., & Syvertsen, A. (2011). The contribution of developmental assets framework to positive youth development theory and practice. Advances in Child Development and Behavior, 41, 197-230. doi: 10.1016/b978-0-12-386492-5.00008-7
Betancourt, O. D., Andrade, P. P., & Sánchez-Xicotencatl, C.O. (en prensa). Evaluación de las fortalezas internas y externas en adolescentes mexicanos. En: P.P. Andrade, Fortalezas de los jóvenes. México.
Bobakova, D., Madarasova, A., Klein, D., Reijneveld, S., & Van Diijk, J. (2012). Protective factors of substance use in youth subcultures. Addictive Behaviors, 37(9), 1063-1067. doi: 10.1016/j. addbeh.2012.04.014
Cid-Monckton, P., & Pedrão, L. (2011). Factores familiares protectores y de riesgo relacionados al consumo de drogas en adolescentes. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 19, 738-745. doi: 10.1590/s0104-11692011000700011
Damon, W. (2004). What is positive youth development? The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 591(1), 13-24. doi: 10.1177/0002716203260092
Espada, J., Pereira, J., & García-Fernández, J. (2008). Influencia de los modelos sociales en el consumo de alcohol de los adolescentes. Psicothema, 20(4), 531-537.
Fang, L., Barnes-Ceeney, K., & Schinke, S. P. (2011). Substance use behavior among early adolescent Asian American girls: the impact of psychological and family factors. Women and Health, 51(7), 623-642. doi: 10.1080/03630242.2011.616575
Fondo de las Naciones Unidas para la Infancia en México. (2008). Desarrollo positivo del adolescente en América Latina y El Caribe. Temas de Políticas Públicas. Recuperado de http://www.unicef.org/lac/serie_pol.pulADOLESCENTES_ESP(2).pdf
Glanton, C., & Wulfert, E. (2013). The relationship between parental alcohol use and college students’ alcohol-related cognitions. Addictive Behaviors, 38(11), 2761-2767. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh. 2013.07.011
Handley, E., & Chassin, L. (2013). Alcohol-specific parenting as a mechanism of parental drinking and alcohol use disorder risk on adolescent alcohol use onset. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 74(5), 684-693. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2013.74.684
Heck, K. E., & Subramaniam, A. (2009). Youth development frameworks [Monograph]. California: 4-H Center for Youth Development, University of California, Davis. Recuperado de http://4h.ucanr.edu/files/1224.pdf
Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Comisión Nacional contra las Adicciones, & Secretaría de Salud. (2014). Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas en Estudiantes: Reporte de Alcohol. Villatoro-Velázquez, J. A., Fregoso Ito, D., Bustos Gamiño, M., Oliva Robles, N. M., Mujica Salazar, A., Martín del Campo Sánchez, R., Nanni Alvarado, R. y Medina-Mora, M. E. México: INPRFM.
Kaynak, Ö., Meyers, K., Caldeira, K., Vincent, K., Winters, K., & Arria, A. (2013). Relationships among parental monitoring and sensation seeking on the development of substance use disorder among college students. Addictive Behaviors, 38(1), 1457-1463. doi: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.08.003
Larson, R. W., & Tran, S. P. (2014). Invited commentary: positive youth development and human complexity. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 43(6), 1012-1017. doi: 10.1007/s10964-014-0124-9
Leffert, N., Benson, P. L., Scales, P. C., Sharma, A. R., Drake, D. R., & Blyth, D. A. (1998). Developmental assets: measurement and prediction of risk behaviors among adolescents. Applied Developmental Science, 2(4),209-230. doi: 10.1207/ s1532480xads0204_4
Lema, L., Varela, M., Duarte, C., & Bonilla, M. (2011). Influencia familiar y social en el consumo de alcohol en jóvenes universitarios. Revista Facultad Nacional Salud Pública, 29(3), 264-271.
Lerner, R. M., Lerner, J. V., Almerigi, J., Theokas, C., Phelps, E., Gestsdottir, S., … von Eye, A. (2005). Positive youth development, participation in community youth development programs and community contributions of fifth grade findings from adolescents: the first wave of the 4-H study of positive youth development. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 25(1), 17-71. doi: 10.1177/0272431604272461
Light, J., Greenan, C., Rusby, J., Nies, K., & Snijders, T. (2013). Onset to first alcohol use in early adolescence: a network diffusion model. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23(3), 487-499. doi: 10.1111/jora.12064
Martínez, J., & Robles, L. (2001). Variables de protección ante el consumo de alcohol y tabaco en adolescentes. Psicothema, 13(2), 222-228.
Oman, R., Vesely, S., Aspy, C., McLeroy, K., Rodine, S., & Marshall, L. (2004). The potential protective effect of youth assets on adolescent alcohol and drug use. American Journal of Public Health, 94(8), 1425-1430. doi: 10.2105/ajph.94.8.1425
Ossgood, D. W., Ragan, D. T., Wallace, L., Gest, S. D., Feingberg, M. E., & Moody, J. (2013). Peers and the emergence of alcohol use: influence and selection processes in adolescent friendship networks. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 23(3), 500-512. doi: 10.1111/jora.12059
Pérez, C. (2012). Habilidades para la vida y consumo de drogas en adolescentes escolarizados mexicanos. Adicciones, 24(2), 153- 160. doi: 10.20882/adicciones.108
Piko, B., Kovacs, E., Kriston, P., & Fitzpatrick, K. (2012). “To believe or not to believe?” Religiosity, spirituality, and alcohol use among Hungarian adolescents. Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs, 73(4), 666–674. doi: 10.15288/jsad.2012.73.666
Ruiz, G., & Medina-Mora, M. (2014). La percepción de los adolescentes sobre el consumo de alcohol y su relación con la exposición a la oportunidad y la tentación al consumo de alcohol. Salud Mental, 37(1), 1-8.
Sánchez-Xicoténcatl, C., Andrade, P., Betancourt, D., & Vital, G. (2013). Escala de resistencia a la presión de los amigos para el consumo de alcohol. Acta de Investigación Psicológica, 3(1), 917-929. doi: 10.1016/s2007-4719(13)70942-6
Solórzano, F., Narváez, A., Alvarado-Villa, G., Silva-Calle, X., Guerrero-Solórzano, J., Poveda-Icaza, X., … Proaño, C. (2016). La familia y los amigos como riesgo de consumo de alcohol en adolescentes. Revista Ciencia UNEMI, 9(17), 85-91.
Wagner, F., González-Forteza, C., Aguilera, R., Ramos-Lira, L., Medina-Mora, M., & Anthony, J. (2003). Oportunidades de exposición al uso de drogas entre estudiantes de secundaria de la Ciudad de México. Salud Mental, 26(2), 22-32
Wells, G. (2010). The effect of religiosity and campus alcohol culture on collegiate alcohol consumption. Journal of American College Health, 58(4), 295-304. doi: 10.1080/07448480903380250