Factores de tratamiento terapéutico en identidad de recuperación en personas con trastorno por consumo de sustancias: análisis de contenido
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Resumen
Introducción: Diversos estudios han demostrado que algunos componentes ubicados dentro del tratamiento son importantes en la construcción de una nueva identidad de recuperación y en el abordaje de los trastornos por consumo de sustancias.
Objetivo: el presente estudio tiene como objetivo explorar el impacto de la interacción de algunos factores relacionados con el tratamiento en la interiorización de una identidad de recuperación a largo plazo y la lógica interna que sigue a la maduración de este proceso, según la opinión de personas con trastorno por consumo de sustancias que llevan más de un año de abstinencia.
Método: se empleó un análisis de contenido deductivo que se operacionalizó sobre la base del conocimiento previo con entrevistas semiestructuradas a nueve participantes diagnosticados con un trastorno por consumo de sustancias que se encontraban en estado de abstinencia mayor a un año, seleccionados mediante procedimientos de intencionalidad y bola de nieve.
Resultados: las categorías principales exploradas que resultaron relevantes fueron el tiempo de tratamiento prolongado y atención continua, la motivación al cambio y la calidad del tratamiento recibido.
Discusión y conclusiones: los hallazgos mostraron la importancia de acudir de manera continua y activa a las sesiones de tratamiento para alcanzar una identidad de recuperación estable, la necesidad de la catarsis como ayuda para la transición hacia la sobriedad y la aceptación consciente del carácter crónico de la enfermedad. También se destacó la necesidad y búsqueda voluntaria de ayuda tras haber vivido experiencias críticas y acumulativas de sufrimiento asociadas a “tocar fondo”, la calidad del tratamiento para consolidar una rehabilitación fortuita, y el apoyo de los pares para el incremento de la autoeficacia y la motivación hacia el cambio.
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