Schizophrenia and smoking: impact on negative symptoms

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.28931/riiad.2017.1.04

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Miriam Saliba
Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
Shafika Assaad
Lebanese University, Faculty of Sciences, Beirut, Lebanon
Chadia Haddad
Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
Souheil Hallit
Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon; Lebanese University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut, Lebanon; Saint Joseph University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut, Lebanon; Holy Spirit University, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Kaslik, Lebanon
Dory Hachem
Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
Georges Haddad
Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon; Holy Spirit University, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Kaslik, Lebanon

Resumen

Antecedentes: se ha planteado la hipótesis de que los pacientes con esquizofrenia emplean la nicotina para reducir los síntomas negativos de su enfermedad y para mejorar su función cognitiva; sin embargo, no existe evidencia concluyente en la literatura sobre el vínculo entre el consumo de nicotina y la disminución de los síntomas negativos de la enfermedad.


Objetivo: investigar los efectos de la nicotina en la expresión de síntomas negativos en pacientes con esquizofrenia, tanto fumadores como no fumadores. Método: se realizó un estudio transversal con 100 pacientes diagnosticados con esquizofrenia (54 fumadores y 46 no fumadores) en el Hospital Psiquiátrico de la Cruz, en Líbano, entre abril y agosto de 2016. Se utilizaron los instrumentos CDSS, PANSS y FTND para evaluar parámetros clínicos. Se emplearon las pruebas t de Student, ANOVA y chi-cuadrada para las comparaciones.


Resultados: la edad media de los fumadores fue de 47.16 años (SD = 7.14) y la de los no fumadores de 47.02 años (SD = 7.9). 69.8% de los fumadores y 45.7% de los no fumadores fueron hombres. La alta dependencia de la nicotina se relacionó con la disminución de síntomas negativos evaluados con el PANSS entre los dos grupos (p < .001); no se encontraron diferencias significativas ni en los síntomas positivos ni con los cognitivos (p > .05 para ambas variables).


Discusión y conclusiones: este estudio es el primero en investigar la relación entre la expresión de los síntomas negativos y el tabaquismo en pacientes con esquizofrenia en Líbano. El tabaquismo es un proceso complejo que involucra aspectos psicopatológicos, bioquímicos y neurofarmacológicos; las tasas de tabaquismo son considerablemente altas entre pacientes con esquizofrenia, por lo que son necesarios más estudios para reconocer estos hallazgos y sus bases.

Palabras clave:
tabaquismo ,  dependencia de la nicotina ,  esquizofrenia ,  síntomas negativos
Publicado: ene 1, 2017

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Cómo citar
Saliba, M., Assaad, S., Haddad, C., Hallit, S., Hachem, D., & Haddad, G. (2017). Schizophrenia and smoking: impact on negative symptoms. Revista Internacional De Investigación En Adicciones, 3(1), 28–35. https://doi.org/10.28931/riiad.2017.1.04
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Vol. 3 Núm. 1: Enero - Junio, 2017
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