Biopsychosocial Factors of Cannabis Use: A Narrative Review on Nutrition, Emotions and Environment
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: cannabis use has increased globally, driving extensive research into its effects; however, debate persists regarding its therapeutic potential versus its adverse health consequences.
Objective: to analyze the relationship between cannabis consumption and biopsychosocial factors, focusing on its impact on eating behavior, gastrointestinal health, emotional states, and the sociocultural context.
Method: a narrative review was conducted using electronic searches in PubMed and Google Scholar (2000–2025 period). Controlled vocabulary (MeSH/DeCS) and Boolean operators were combined, focusing on the endocannabinoid system, eating behavior, digestive disorders, parenting styles, emotions, and social stigma. Forty-seven scientific articles meeting eligibility and conceptual relevance criteria were selected, followed by an integrative qualitative thematic synthesis.
Results: cannabis modulates appetite and food sensory perception via CB1 receptor activation; nonetheless, chronic consumption is associated with digestive disorders. Psychologically, permissive and neglectful parenting styles correlate with a heightened risk of consumption, with psychological outcomes encompassing potential anxiolytic properties and, under specific contexts, psychotic symptoms. Within the social dimension, stigma and legal frameworks condition risk perception and clinical reporting.
Discussion and conclusions: the biopsychosocial model demonstrates that the effects of cannabis cannot be reduced to isolated pharmacological determinism. This comprehensive framework provides the groundwork to design tailored preventive strategies, guide clinical decision-making, and inform evidence-based regulatory public policies.
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