Efectos de la interacción de la impulsividad y afectividad en el craving por tabaco
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Resumen
Introducción: Los modelos de dependencia a la nicotina indican la influencia de la impulsividad y la afectividad en las conductas de consumo de tabaco. Sin embargo, es necesario que estudios con mayor validez ecológica sean llevados a cabo a fin de dilucidar cómo la impulsividad y la afectividad se articulan para provocar el craving.
Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos de interacción de la inhibición de respuestas y la afectividad en el craving por tabaco.
Método: Este estudio fue llevado a cabo con 90 fumadores, quienes fueron divididos en dos grupos, de acuerdo con su desempeño en una tarea paramétrica de Go/No-Go (mayor y menor nivel de inhibición de respuestas). El craving provocado por señales fue medido con respuestas fisiológicas y autoreporte, antes y después de una manipulación afectiva agradable o desagradable.
Resultados: Los análisis de moderación sugieren que la impulsividad y el afecto desagradable tienen efectos combinados en el craving autoreportado y relacionado a la conductancia eléctrica de la piel. El nivel de inhibición de respuestas parece incrementar el craving por tabaco, pero es independiente del afecto agradable.
Discusión y conclusiones: La afectividad es un factor fundamental para la comprensión de la relación entre impulsividad y craving por tabaco. El afecto desagradable es uno de los detonantes del deseo de fumar, especialmente para aquellos individuos más impulsivos, quienes tienen una percepción exagerada de los efectos del tabaco para aliviar experiencias desagradables. Es esencial entrenar técnicas de control de estímulos afectivos negativos, especialmente para aquellos individuos con menor capacidad de inhibición de respuestas.
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