Relationship between Risk Alcohol Consumption and Depressive Symptoms in Mexican University Students
Main Article Content
Abstract
Introduction: alcohol is a legal drug in most parts of the world, it is mostly accepted among different cultures. Therefore, alcohol consumption typically does not carry the same stigma associated with the use of other drugs, such as marijuana or methamphetamines. Previous research in Mexico, the United States, Ecuador, and England has shown a positive and significant association between alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms among university students.
Objective: to determine the magnitude of the relationship between alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms, and whether this relationship is independent of sex, age, and socioeconomic status in first-year university students.
Method: the sample consisted of 2,377 students aged 18 to 25 years (M = 18.82, SD = 1.30), 66.5% of whom were women.
Results: multiple logistic regression analyses demonstrated a relationship between risk alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms, independent of sex, age, and socioeconomic status (adjusted OR = 1.88 [1.14, 3.10] with a percentage of correct classification of the 67.2% and a R2 Nagelkerke = .07).
Discussion and Conclusions: the evidence of the relationship between alcohol consumption and depressive symptoms emphasizes that limiting or reducing alcohol consumption among young people could prevent the onset of depressive symptoms and their consequences.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
References
Aguayo, M., & Lora, E. (2007). Cómo hacer una regresión logística binaria “paso a paso” (II): análisis multivariante. Fundación Andaluza Beturia para la Investigación en Salud. Recuperado de https://xdoc.mx/preview/como-hacer-una-regresion-logistica-binaria-paso-a-paso-5f36f74307abd
Alzueta, E., Perrin, P., Baker, F., Caffarra, S., Ramos-Usuga, D., Yuksel, D., & Arango-Lasprilla, J. (2020). How the COVID-19 pandemic has changed our lives: A study of psychological correlates across 59 countries. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 77(3), 556-570. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.23082
Asociación Americana de Psicología [APA]. (2013). Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de trastornos mentales (5a Ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787
Asociación Médica Mundial. (2013). Declaración de Helsinki: Principios éticos para las investigaciones médicas en seres humanos. Recuperado de https://www.wma.net/policies-post/wma-declaration-of-helsinki-ethical-principles-for-medical-research-involving-human-subjects/
Asociación Mexicana de Agencias de Inteligencia de Mercado y Opinión [AMAI]. (2018). Nivel socioeconómico AMAI 2018. Recuperado de https://www.amai.org/NSE/index.php?queVeo=2016
Ato, M., López-García, J. J., & Benavente, A. (2013). Un sistema de clasificación de los diseños de investigación en psicología. Anales de Psicología, 29(3), 1038-1059. https://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.29.3.178511
Austin, M. A., & Villarosa-Hurlocker, M. C. (2021). Drinking patterns of college students with comorbid depression and anxiety symptoms: the moderating role of gender. Journal of Substance Use, 26(6), 650-656. https://doi.org/10.1080/14659891.2021.1879291
Barlett, C., Barlett, N., & McCartney, H. (2020). Transitioning Through Emerging Adulthood and Physical Health Implications. Emerging Adulthood, 8(4), 297-305. https://doi.org/10.1177/2167696818814642
Barrera-Núñez, D., Rengifo-Reina, H., López-Olmedo, N., Barrientos-Gutiérrez, T., & Reynales-Shigematsu, L. M. (2022). Cambios en los patrones de consumo de alcohol y tabaco antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19. ENSANUT 2018 y 2020. Salud Pública de México, 64(2), 137-147. https://doi.org/10.21149/12846
Beverido, P., Salas García, B., Gogeascoechea, M., De San Jorge, X., & de los Ángeles, A. (2020). Riesgos psicosociales predictores de consumo de drogas en universitarios de Ciencias de la Salud. Pensando Psicología, 16(2), 1-25. https://doi.org/10.16925/2382-3984.2020.02.06
Bishop, J., Norona, J., Roberson, P. Welsh, D& McCurry, S. (2019). Adult Attachment, Role Balance, and Depressive Symptoms in Emerging Adulthood. Journal of Adult Development, 26, 31-40. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10804-018-9295-z
Brener, N., Billy, J., & Grady, W. (2003). Assessment of Factors Affecting the Validity of Self- Reported Health-Risk Behavior Among Adolescents: Evidence from the Scientific Literature. Journal of Adolescent Health, 33(6), 436-457. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1054-139X(03)00052-1
Brener, N., Kann, L., McManus, T., Kinchen, S., Sundberg, E., & Ross, J. (2002). Reliability of the 1999 Youth Risk Behavior Survey Questionnaire. Journal of Adult Development, 31(4), 336-342. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1054%2D139x(02)00339%2D7
Camacho, Á., Cordero, E., & Perkins, T. (2016). Psychometric Properties of the DASS-21 Among Latina/o College Students by the US-Mexico Border. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 18(5), 1017-1023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-016-0415-1
Chen, H., Cohen, P., & Chen, S. (2010). How big is a big odds ratio? Interpreting the magnitudes of odds ratios in epidemiological studies. Communications in Statistics - Simulation and Computation, 39(4), 860-864. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03610911003650383
Chen, T., & Lucock, M. (2022). The mental health of university students during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey in the UK. PLoS One, 17(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262562
Churchill, S., & Farrel, L. (2017). Alcohol and depression: Evidence from the 2014 health survey for England. Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 180, 86-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.08.006
Cohen, J. (1992). A power primer. Psychological Bulletin, 112(1), 155-159. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.112.1.155
Consejo Nacional Contra las Adicciones [CONADIC]. (2020) ¿Qué es el consumo excesivo de bebidas alcohólicas? Gobierno de México. Recuperado de https://www.gob.mx/salud/conadic/documentos/que-es-el-consumo-excesivo-de-bebidas-alcoholicas?state=published
Evans, S., Alkan, E., Bhangoo, J. K., Tenenbaum, H., & Ng-Knight, T. (2021). Effects of the COVID-19 lockdown on mental health, wellbeing, sleep, and alcohol use in a UK student sample. Psychiatry Research, 298, 113819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113819
Flores-Bonilla, A. & Richardson, H. (2020).Sex Differencies in the Neurobiology of Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Research: Current Review, 40(2), 1-19.
Gaviria, S. (2009). ¿Por qué las mujeres se deprimen más que los hombres? Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatría, 38(2), 316-324. http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=80615421008
Gavurova, B., Ivankova, V., & Rigelsky, M. (2020). Relationships between Perceived Stress, Depression and Alcohol Use Disorders in University Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Socio-Economic Dimension. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(23), 8853. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17238853
Hayes, S., & Strosahl, K. (2022). Una guía práctica a la terapia de aceptación y compromiso. L. Valero, & J. Virués. (Eds.). ABA España.
Herrera, M., & Vizioli, N. (2021). Sintomatología depresiva y consumo riesgoso de alcohol en población de Buenos Aires durante el aislamiento preventivo obligatorio. Revista Argentina de Ciencias del Comportamiento, 13(3), 96-103. https://doi.org/10.32348/1852.4206.v13.n3.29150
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi:10.1080/10705519909540118
Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía [INEGI]. (2021). Encuesta Nacional de Bienestar Autorreportado ENBIARE 2021. Recuperado de https://www.inegi.org.mx/contenidos/programas/enbiare/2021/doc/enbiare_2021_presentacion_resultados.pdf
Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz [INPRFM], Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública [INSP], Comisión Nacional Contra las Adicciones [CONADIC], Secretaría de Salud. (2017). Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas, Alcohol y Tabaco 2016-2017: Reporte de Alcohol. Recuperado de https://encuestas.insp.mx/repositorio/encuestas/ENCODAT2016/doctos/informes/reporte_encodat_alcohol_2016_2017.pdf
Kosendiak, A., Król, M., Ściskalska, M., & Kepinska, M. (2022). The Changes in Stress Coping, Alcohol Use, Cigarette Smoking and Physical Activity during COVID-19 Related Lockdown in Medical Students in Poland. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(1), 302. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010302
López, V., Paladines, B., Vaca, S., Cacho, R., Fernández-Montalvo, J., & Ruisoto, P. (2019). Psychometric properties and factor structure of an Ecuadorian version of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) in college students. PLoS One, 14(7), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219618
Londoño-Pérez, C., Cita-Álvarez, A., Niño-León, L., Molano-Cáceres, F., Reyes-Ruíz, C., Vega-Morales, A., & Villa-Campos, C. (2020). Sufrimiento psicológico en hombres y mujeres con síntomas de depresión. Terapia Psicológica, 38(2), 189-202. https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-48082020000200189
Lovibond, S., & Lovibond, P. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation.
Magee, K., & Connell, A. (2021). The role of substance use coping in linking depression and alcohol use from late adolescence through early adulthood. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 29(6), 659-669. https://doi.org/10.1037/pha0000436
Minhas, M., Belisario, K., González-Roz, A., Halladay, J., Murphy, J., & MacKillop, J. (2021). COVID- 19 impacts on drinking and mental health in emerging adults: Longitudinal changes and moderation by economic disruption and sex. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research, 45(7), 1448-1457. https://doi.org/10.1111/acer.14624
Narita, Z., Devylder, J., Bessaha, M., & Fedina, L. (2023). Associations of self- isolation, social support and coping strategies with depression and suicidal ideation in U.S. young adults during the COVID- 19 pandemic. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 32(3), 929-937. https://doi.org/10.1111/inm.13138
Nesoff, E., Gutkind, S., Sirota, S., McKowen, A., & Veldhuis, C. (2021). Mental health and economic stressors associated with high-risk drinking and increased alcohol consumption early in the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States. Preventive Medicine, 153, 106854. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106854
Nomura, K., Minamizono, S., Maeda, E., Kim, R., Iwata, T., Hirayama, J., Ono, K., Fushimi, M., Goto, T., Mishima, K., & Yamamoto, F. (2021). Cross-sectional survey of depressive symptoms and suicide-related ideation at a Japanese national university during the COVID-19 stay-home order. Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine, 26(1), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12199-021-00953-1
Organización Mundial de la Salud [OMS]. (2018). Global status report on alcohol and health 2018. Recuperado de https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241565639
Pedrelli, P., Shapero, B., Archibald, A., & Dale, C. (2016). Alcohol use and Depression During Adolescence and Young Adulthood: a Summary and Interpretation of Mixed Findings. Current Addiction Reports, 3(1), 91-97. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-016-0084-0
Ponce, C., Pilco, G., Santos, D., & Erazo, L. (2021). Alteración de la salud mental y consumo de alcohol en estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de Chimborazo. Revista Médica-Científica Cambios, 20(1), 39-43. https://doi.org/10.36015/cambios.v20.n1.2021.635
Riordan, B., & Carey, B. (2019). Wonderland and the rabbit hole: A commentary on university students’ alcohol use during first year and the early transition to university. Drug and Alcohol Review, 38(1), 34-41. https://doi.org/10.1111/dar.12877
Román, F., Santibáñez, P., & Vinet, E. (2016). Uso de las Escalas de Depresión Ansiedad Estrés (DASS-21) como Instrumento de Tamizaje en Jóvenes con Problemas Clínicos. Acta de Investigación Psicológica, 6(1), 2325-2336. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2007-4719(16)30053-9
Simha, A., Ahmed, S., Prasad, R., Dinesh, A., Kandasamy, A., & Rao, N. (2021). Effect of national cultural dimensions and consumption rates on stigma toward alcohol and substance use disorders. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 68(7), 1411-1417. https://doi.org/10.1177/00207640211028611
So, E., & Park, B. (2016). Health Behaviors and Academic Performance Among Korean Adolescents. Asian Nursing Research, 10(2), 123-127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anr.2016.01.004
Tiburcio, M., Nagy, G., Rosete, G., Martínez, N., Carreño, S., Pérez, D., & Natera, G. (2019). The association between substance use and depressive symptomatology in nursing university students in Mexico. Nurse Education in Practice, 36, 114-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2019.03.005
Valdez, A., & Huerta, D. (2019). El Proceso de Descentralización Educativa y la Creación de la Red de la Universidad de Guadalajara. En Universidad de Guadalajara (Ed.). 25 ANIVERSARIO DEL CENTRO UNIVERSITARIO DEL SUR Cinco Lustros de Historia en la Educación y la Cultura en el Sur de Jalisco (pp. 13-15). Jalisco, México: Prometeo Editores. Recuperado de http://gaceta.cusur.udg.mx/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/25_aniversario_cusur.pdf
Villarosa, M. C., Messer, M. A., Madson, M. B., & Zeigler-Hill, V. (2018). Depressive symptoms and drinking outcomes: the mediating role of drinking motives and protective behavioral strategies among college students. Substance Use & Misuse, 53(1), 143-153. https://doi.org/10.1080/10826084.2017.1327974
Vinaccia, S., & Ortega, A. (2021). Variables asociadas a la ansiedad-depresión en estudiantes universitarios. Universitas Psychological, 19, 1-13. Recuperado de https://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/revPsycho/article/view/30572
Zhong, L., Chen, W., Wang, T., Zeng, Q., Lai, L., Lai, J., Lin, J., & Tang, S. (2022). Alcohol and Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses Base on Prospective Cohort Studies. Frontiers in Public Health, 10, 859947. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.859947