Psychosocial and mental health disorders reported by consultants referred to Centros de Integración Juvenil from the Línea de la Vida, telephone service during the COVID-19 epidemic

Main Article Content

David Bruno Diaz-Negrete
Solveig E. Rodríguez-Kuri
Cristina de J. Cruz-Cortés
Alma Delia Gutiérrez-López
Juan David González-Sánchez
Carmen Fernández-Cáceres

Abstract

Introduction: in the context of the health contingency by COVID-19 pandemic and by an agreement of the Mexican Ministry of Health, Centros de Integración Juvenil has collaborated in Línea de la Vida telephone service conducted by the National Comission on Addictions in the care of people with mental health dissorders.


Objective: to describe some aspects of the psychological and social problems associated with the epidemic, identifying intervening variables.


Method: cross-sectional, comparative study, with a sample of 2,403 consultants from Línea de la Vida service, referred to CIJ between May and August 2020. Data included symptoms and risk conditions of COVID-19, mental health problems and daily circumstances during the epidemic. Comparative analysis were carried out by sex, age and date of consultation.


Results: a third of the consultants reported symptoms of COVID-19, belonging to a vulnerable group or having contact with someone with the disease. The main mental health problems identified were anxiety/stress (67.6%) and depression (15.2%); 31.5% reported facing financial problems; 15.5% the loss of close people and around 10% having problems in the care of children, adolescents or other relatives; 5.6% reported domestic violence.


Conclusions: the health, social, interpersonal and mental health problems associated with the COVID-19 pandemic reflect differences attributable to the social construction of gender, the life cycle of people and the development of the epidemic itself.

Keywords:
COVID-19 ,  mental health ,  mental health services ,  psychosocial support systems
Published: Nov 8, 2020

Article Details

How to Cite
Diaz-Negrete, D. B., Rodríguez-Kuri, S. E., Cruz-Cortés, C. de J., Gutiérrez-López, A. D., González-Sánchez, J. D., & Fernández-Cáceres, C. (2020). Psychosocial and mental health disorders reported by consultants referred to Centros de Integración Juvenil from the Línea de la Vida, telephone service during the COVID-19 epidemic. Revista Internacional De Investigación En Adicciones, 6(2), 45–60. https://doi.org/10.28931/riiad.2020.2.06
Section
Original Articles

References

Abad, C., Fearday, A., & Safdar, N. (2010). Adverse effects of isolation in hospitalised patients: a systematic review. The Journal of hospital infection, 76(2), 97-102. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2010.04.027

Active Minds. (Abril de 2020). COVID-19 impact on college student mental health. https://www.activeminds.org/studentsurvey/

Anurudran, A., Yared, L., Comrie, C., Harrison, K., & Burke, T. (2020). Domestic violence amid COVID-19. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics, 150(2), 255-256. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.13247

Borges, G., Orozco, R., Benjet, C., & Medina-Mora, M. E. (2010). Suicidio y conductas suicidas en México: Retrospectiva y situación actual. Salud Pública de México, 52(4), 292-304.

Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395(10227), 912-920. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30460-8

Bruine de Bruin, W. (2020). Age Differences in COVID-19, Risk Perceptions and Mental Health: Evidence From a National U.S. Survey Conducted in March 2020. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 1–6. Doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa074

Cantillo, M., Lleopart, T., & Ezquerra, S. (2018). El cuidado informal en tiempos de crisis. Análisis desde la perspectiva enfermera. Enfermería Global, 17(2), 515-541. doi: 10.6018/eglobal.17.2.297211

Cluver, L., Lachman, J. M., Sherr, L., Wessels, I., Krug, E., Rakotomalala, S., Blight, S., Hillis, S., Bachman, G., Green, O., Butchart, A., Tomlinson, M., Ward, C. L., Doubt, J., & McDonald, K. (2020). Parenting in a time of COVID-19. Lancet, 395(10231), e64. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30736-4

Day, H., Perencevich, E., Harris, A., Gruber-Baldini, A., Himelhoch, S., Brown, C., & Morgan, D. (2013). Depression, Anxiety, and Moods of Hospitalized Patients under Contact Precautions. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 34(3), 251-258. doi: 10.1086/669526

Del Río Lozano, M., & García Calvente, M. del M. (2020). Cuidados y abordaje de la pandemia de COVID-19 con enfoque de género. Gaceta Sanitaria. doi: 10.1016/j.gaceta.2020.05.006

Dickens, A., Richards, S., Greaves, C., & Campbell, J. (2011). Interventions targeting social isolation in older people: A systematic review. BMC Public Health 11, 647. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-11-647

DiGiovanni, C., Conley, J., Chiu, D., & Zaborski, J. (2004). Factors influencing compliance with quarantine in Toronto during the 2003 SARS outbreak. Biosecurity and bioterrorism: biodefense strategy, practice, and science, 2(4), 265-272. doi: 10.1089/bsp.2004.2.265

Durankuş, F., & Aksu, E. (2020). Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depressive symptoms in pregnant women: A preliminary study. Journal of Maternal-Fetal and Neonatal Medicine, 1-7. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2020.1763946

Elbay, R. Y., Kurtulmuş, A., Arpacıoğlu, S., & Karadere, E. (2020). Depression, anxiety, stress levels of physicians and associated factors in COVID-19 pandemics. Psychiatry Research, 290, 113130. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113130

Fitzpatrick, K. M., Harris, C., & Drawve, G. (2020). Fear of COVID-19 and the mental health consequences in America. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 12, 17-21. doi: 10.1037/tra0000924

Gajardo, J. (2015). Vejez y soledad: Implicancias a partir de la construcción de la noción de riesgo. Acta Bioethica, 21(2), 199-205.

Gamo, E., & Pazos, P. (2009). El duelo y las etapas de la vida. Revista de la Asociación Española de Neuropsiquiatría, 29(104), 455-469.

Gobierno de México. (2020) Conferencias de Prensa. https://coronavirus.gob.mx/category/conferencias-de-prensa/

Gulati, G., & Kelly, B. D. (2020). Domestic violence against women and the COVID-19 pandemic: What is the role of psychiatry? International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 71, 101594. doi: 10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101594

Gutiérrez, A. D. (2020). Consumo de drogas en solicitantes de tratamiento en Centros de Integración Juvenil, Drogas ilícitas, Primer semestre de 2020. (Informe de investigación 20-09a). Centros de Integración Juvenil. http://www.cij.gob.mx/programas/Investigacion/Epidemiologica.asp

Hawryluck, L., Gold, W. L., Robinson, S., Pogorski, S., Galea, S., & Styra, R. (2004). SARS control and psychological effects of quarantine, Toronto, Canada. Emerging infectious diseases, 10(7), 1206-1212. doi: 10.3201/eid1007.030703

Huarcaya-Victoria, J. (2020). Consideraciones sobre la salud mental en la pandemia de COVID-19. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública, 37(2), 327-334

Humphreys, K. L., Myint, M. T., & Zeanah, C. H. (2020). Increased Risk for Family Violence During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Pediatrics, 146(1), e20200982. doi: 10.1542/peds.2020-0982

Huremović, D. (Ed.). (2019). Psychiatry of pandemics. A mental health response to infection outbreak. Springer Nature. doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-15346-5

Hyland, P., Shevlin, M., McBride, O., Murphy, J., Karatzias, T., Bentall, R. P., Martinez, A., & Vallières, F. (2020). Anxiety and depression in the Republic of Ireland during the COVID-19 pandemic. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 142(3), 249-256. doi: 10.1111/acps.13219

Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Comisión Nacional contra las Adicciones, Secretaría de Salud. (2017). Encuesta Nacional de Consumo de Drogas, Alcohol y Tabaco 2016-2017: Reporte de Drogas. INPRFM.

Jiménez, I., & Moya, M. (2017). The family caregiver: The naturalized sense of obligation in women to be caregivers. Enfermería Global, 17(1), 420-447. doi: 10.6018/eglobal.17.1.292331

Jiménez-Bandala, C., Peralta, J., Sánchez, E., Márquez, I., & Arellano, D. (2020). La situación del mercado laboral en México antes y durante la COVID-19. Revista Internacional de Salarios Dignos, 2(2), 1-9.

Johal S. S. (2009). Psychosocial impacts of quarantine during disease outbreaks and interventions that may help to relieve strain. The New Zealand Medical Journal, 122(1296), 47-52.

Johnson, M. C., Saletti-Cuesta, L., & Tumas, N. (2020). Emociones, preocupaciones y reflexiones frente a la pandemia del COVID-19 en Argentina. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 25(supl.1), 2447-2456.

Jungmann, S. M., & Witthöft, M. (2020). Health anxiety, cyberchondria, and coping in the current COVID-19 pandemic: Which factors are related to coronavirus anxiety? Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 73, 102239. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102239

Karaşar, B., & Canli, D. (2020). Psychological resilience and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in Turkey. Psychiatria Danubina, 32(2), 273-279. doi: 10.24869/psyd.2020.273

Li, W., Yang, Y., Liu, Z. H., Zhao, Y. J., Zhang, Q., Zhang, L., Cheung, T., & Xiang, Y. T. (2020). Progression of mental health services during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. International Journal of Biological Sciences, 16(10), 1732-1738. doi: 10.7150/ijbs.45120

Lin, Y., Hu, Z., Alias, H., & Wong, L. P. (2020). Knowledge, Attitudes, Impact, and Anxiety Regarding COVID-19 Infection Among the Public in China. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 236. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2020.00236

Lithander, F. E., Neumann, S., Tenison, E., Lloyd, K., Welsh, T. J., Rodrigues, J., Higgins, J., Scourfield, L., Christensen, H., Haunton, V. J., & Henderson, E. J. (2020). COVID-19 in older people: a rapid clinical review. Age and ageing, 49(4), 501-515. doi: 10.1093/ageing/afaa093

Luo, M., Guo, L., Yu, M., & Wang, H. (2020). The psychological and mental impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on medical staff and general public, A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research, 291, 113190. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113190

Martínez-Taboas, A. (2020). Pandemias, COVID-19 y salud mental: ¿Qué sabemos actualmente? Revista Caribeña de Psicología, 4(2), 143-152. doi: 10.37226/rcp.v4i2.4907

Mazza, M., De Lorenzo, R., Conte, C., Poletti, S., Vai, B., Bollettini, I., Melloni, E. M. T., Furlan, R., Ciceri, F., Rovere-Querini, P., & Benedetti, F. (2020). Anxiety and depression in COVID-19 survivors: Role of inflammatory and clinical predictors. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.07.037

Mazza, M., Marano, G., Lai, C., Janiri, L., & Sani, G. (2020). Danger in danger: Interpersonal violence during COVID-19 quarantine. Psychiatry research, 289, 113046. doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113046

McMahon, S. A., Ho, L. S., Brown, H., Miller, L., Ansumana, R., & Kennedy, C. E. (2016) Healthcare providers on the frontlines: a qualitative investigation of the social and emotional impact of delivering health services during Sierra Leone’s Ebola epidemic. Health Policy and Planning, 31(9), 1232-1239. doi: 10.1093/heapol/czw055

Mental Health America. (2020). COVID-19 and mental health: What we are learning from www.mhascreening.org. July 1, 2020 Recuperado de: https://mhanational.org/sites/default/files/Coronavirus%20Mental%20Health%20Presentation%207-1-2020.pdf

Miron, O., Yu, K. H., Wilf-Miron, R., & Kohane, I. S. (2019). Suicide rates among adolescents and young adults in the United States, 2000-2017. JAMA, 321(23), 2362-2364. doi: 10.1001/jama.2019.5054

Mosheva, M., Hertz-Palmor, N., Dorman Ilan, S., Matalon, N., Pessach, I. M., Afek, A., Ziv, A., Kreiss, Y., Gross, R., & Gothelf, D. (2020). Anxiety, pandemic-related stress and resilience among physicians during the COVID-19 pandemic. Depression and Anxiety, 37(10), 965-971. doi: 10.1002/da.23085

Mueller, A. L., McNamara, M. S., & Sinclair, D. A. (2020). Why does COVID-19 disproportionately affect older people? Aging, 12(10), 9959-9981. doi: 10.18632/aging.103344

Ni, M. Y., Yang, L., Leung, C. M. C., Li, N., Yao, X. I., Wang, Y., Leung, G. M., Cowling, B. J., & Liao, Q. (2020). Mental health, risk factors, and social media use during the COVID-19 epidemic and cordon sanitaire among the community and health professionals in Wuhan, China: Cross-sectional survey. JMIR Mental Health, 7(5), e19009. doi: 10.2196/19009

Nivette, A., Ribeaud, D., Murray, A., Steinhoff, A., Bechtiger, L., Hepp, U., Shanahan, L., & Eisner, M. (2020). Non-compliance with COVID-19-related public health measures among young adults in Switzerland: Insights from a longitudinal cohort study. Social Science & Medicine, 268, 113370. doi: 0.1016/j.socscimed.2020.113370

Organización de Estados Americanos-Comisión Interamericana de Mujeres. (2020). COVID-19 en la vida de las mujeres. Razones para reconocer los impactos diferenciados. Recuperado de https://www.oas.org/es/cim/docs/ArgumentarioCOVID19-ES.pdf

Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2019). Brote de enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19): orientaciones para el público. Recuperado de https://www.who.int/es/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/advice-for-public

Ozamiz-Etxebarria, N., Dosil-Santamaria, M., Picaza-Gorrochategui, M., & Idoiaga-Mondragon, N. (2020). Stress, anxiety, and depression levels in the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak in a population sample in the northern Spain. Cadernos de Saude Publica, 36(4), 1-10. doi: 0.1590/0102-311X00054020

Özdin, S., & Bayrak Özdin, Ş. (2020). Levels and predictors of anxiety, depression and health anxiety during COVID-19 pandemic in Turkish society: The importance of gender. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(5), 504-511. doi: 10.1177/0020764020927051

O’Leary, A., Jalloh, M. F., & Neria, Y. (2018). Fear and culture: Contextualising mental health impact of the 2014-2016 Ebola epidemic in West Africa. BMJ global health, 3(3), e000924. doi: 10.1136/bmjgh-2018-000924

Pappa, S., Ntella, V., Giannakas, T., Giannakoulis, V. G., Papoutsi, E., & Katsaounou, P. (2020). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 88, 901-907. doi: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.026

Qiu, J., Shen, B., Zhao, M., Wang, Z., Xie, B., & Xu, Y. (2020). A nationwide survey of psychological distress among Chinese people in the COVID-19 epidemic: Implications and policy recommendations. General Psychiatry, 33(2), 19-21. doi: 10.1136/gpsych-2020-100213

Rajkumar, R. P. (2020). COVID-19 and mental health: A review of the existing literature. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 52, 102066. doi: 10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102066

Ramírez-Ortiz, J., Castro-Quintero, D., Lerma-Córdoba, C., Yela-Ceballos, F., & Escobar-Córdoba, F. (2020). Consecuencias de la pandemia COVID-19 en la salud mental asociadas al aislamiento social. Revista Colombiana de Anestesiología, 48(4), e930. 10.5554/22562087.e930

Rehman, U., Shahnawaz, M. G., Khan, N. H., Kharshiing, K. D., Khursheed, M., Gupta, K., Kashyap, D., & Uniyal, R. (2020). Depression, anxiety and stress among Indians in times of COVID-19 lockdown. Community Mental Health Journal. doi: 10.1007/s10597-020-00664-x

Rodríguez, J., Fernández, A. M., Hernández, E., & Ramírez, S. (2006) Conductas agresivas, consumo de drogas e intentos de suicidio en jóvenes universitarios. Terapia Psicológica, 24(1), 63-69.

Roesch, E., Amin, A., Gupta, J., & García-Moreno, C. (2020). Violence against women during COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. BMJ, 369, m1712. doi: 10.1136/bmj.m1712

Saban, M., & Barone, C. (2020) 100 días COVID: tareas de cuidado y productividad. Consejo Económico y Social de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. http://bdigital.cesba.gob.ar/handle/123456789/467

Sacco, M. A., Caputo, F., Ricci, P., Sicilia, F., De Aloe, L., Bonetta, C. F., Cordasco, F., Scalise, C., Cacciatore, G., Zibetti, A., Gratteri, S., & Aquila, I. (2020). The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on domestic violence: The dark side of home isolation during quarantine. Medico-Legal Journal, 88(2), 71-73. doi: 10.1177/0025817220930553

Salari, N., Hosseinian-Far, A., Jalali, R., Vaisi-Raygani, A., Rasoulpoor, S., Mohammadi, M., Rasoulpoor, S., & Khaledi-Paveh, B. (2020). Prevalence of stress, anxiety, depression among the general population during the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Globalization and health, 16(1), 57. doi: 10.1186/s12992-020-00589-w

Samaniego, N. (2020). El COVID-19 y el desplome del empleo en México. Economía UNAM, 17(51). 306-314. doi: 10.22201/fe.24488143e.2020.51.566

Savitsky, B., Findling, Y., Ereli, A., & Hendel, T. (2020). Anxiety and coping strategies among nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nurse Education in Practice, 46, 102809. doi: 10.1016/j.nepr.2020.102809

Secretaría de Salud. (2020). Datos abiertos. Dirección General de Epidemiología. https://www.gob.mx/salud/documentos/datos-abiertos-152127

Shahid, Z., Kalayanamitra, R., McClafferty, B., Kepko, D., Ramgobin, D., Patel, R., Aggarwal, C. S., Vunnam, R., Sahu, N., Bhatt, D., Jones, K., Golamari, R., & Jain, R. (2020). COVID-19 and Older Adults: What We Know. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 68(5), 926-929. doi: 10.1111/jgs.16472

Tello de la Torre, C. & Vargas Villamizar, O. H. (2020). Género y trabajo en tiempos del COVID-19: Una mirada desde la interseccionalidad. Revista Venezolana de Gerencia, 25(9), 389-393.

Torales, J., O’Higgins, M., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., & Ventriglio, A. (2020). The outbreak of COVID-19 coronavirus and its impact on global mental health. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(4), 317-320. doi: 10.1177/0020764020915212

Tsamakis, K., Rizos, E., Manolis, A., Chaidou, S., Kympouropoulos, S., Spartalis, E., Spandidos, D., Tsiptsios, D., & Triantafyllis, A. (2020). [Comment] COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on mental health of healthcare professionals. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 19, 3451-3453. doi: 10.3892/etm.2020.8646

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime. (2020). Drug use and health consequences, World Drug Report 2020. World Health Organization.

Valdez-Santiago, R., Hidalgo-Solórzano, E., Mojarro-Íñiguez, M., Rivera-Rivera, L., & Ramos-Lira, L. (2013). Violencia interpersonal en jóvenes mexicanos y oportunidades de prevención. Salud Pública de México, 55(Supl 2), S259-S266.

Verma, S., & Mishra, A. (2020). Depression, anxiety, and stress and socio-demographic correlates among general Indian public during COVID-19. International Journal of Social Psychiatry, 66(8), 756-762, doi: 10.1177/0020764020934508

Wong, L. P., Hung, C. C., Alias, H., & Lee, T. S. H. (2020). Anxiety symptoms and preventive measures during the COVID-19 outbreak in Taiwan. BMC Psychiatry, 20(1), 376. doi: 10.1186/s12888-020-02786-8