Impulsividad y calidad de vida en población con consumo problemático de alcohol
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Resumen
Introducción: el consumo problemático de alcohol constituye un desafío relevante para la salud pública debido a sus repercusiones en el funcionamiento físico, psicológico y social de las personas. En este contexto, la impulsividad, concebida como un rasgo psicológico multidimensional, se ha vinculado con dificultades en la autorregulación conductual y emocional, así como con una menor percepción de bienestar general.
Objetivo: analizar la relación entre las dimensiones de impulsividad y los dominios de la calidad de vida en personas con consumo problemático de alcohol que asisten a grupos de Alcohólicos Anónimos en Ecuador.
Método: se desarrolló un estudio no experimental, transversal y correlacional, con enfoque cuantitativo. Participaron 124 adultos seleccionados mediante muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Se aplicaron la Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) y el World Health Organization Quality of Life – BREF (WHOQOL-BREF). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y correlacionales mediante el coeficiente Rho de Spearman.
Resultados: se identificaron asociaciones negativas y estadísticamente significativas entre las dimensiones de impulsividad atencional, motora y no planificada y los dominios físico, psicológico, social y ambiental de la calidad de vida. No se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las dimensiones de impulsividad en función del sexo.
Discusión y conclusiones: los hallazgos evidencian una relación consistente entre mayores niveles de impulsividad y una menor percepción de calidad de vida en personas con consumo problemático de alcohol que participan en procesos de recuperación comunitaria, lo que resalta la relevancia de considerar este rasgo psicológico en la evaluación e intervención clínica y psicosocial de las adicciones.
Detalles del artículo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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