Barreras percibidas y estrategias de afrontamiento y para dejar de fumar en pacientes con patología osteoarticular en España
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Introducción: el aumento de la esperanza de vida y de las enfermedades crónicas sitúa al tabaquismo como un factor crítico. El tabaco exacerba el dolor y dificulta la recuperación de pacientes con patología osteoarticular, lo que convierte a la cesación en una prioridad clínica.
Objetivo: evaluar la dificultad percibida, motivaciones, barreras, satisfacción con el apoyo sanitario, conocimiento de riesgos y la efectividad percibida de estrategias de afrontamiento en pacientes y profesionales de la salud.
Método: el estudio se estructuró en dos fases: fase cualitativa mediante grupo nominal con pacientes expertos fumadores; y estudio observacional mediante encuestas online dirigidas a profesionales sanitarios y pacientes fumadores y exfumadores recientes (#abr# 5 años) con patología osteoarticular.
Resultados: con más de 100 participantes por grupo, coincidieron en la alta dificultad para dejar de fumar. Se observaron discrepancias: los profesionales reportaron mayor satisfacción con el apoyo del sistema sanitario y percibieron menor conciencia de riesgos en los pacientes que estos últimos. Ambos grupos expresaron baja satisfacción con el seguimiento recibido. La principal motivación fue la salud personal, mientras que la dependencia, el bienestar asociado al consumo, la fácil accesibilidad y la presión social fueron las principales barreras. Las estrategias de afrontamiento consideradas más eficaces fueron la proactividad, la autocrítica y la reestructuración cognitiva.
Discusión y conclusiones: los resultados subrayan la necesidad de intervenciones individualizadas e integrales que combinen estrategias farmacológicas y conductuales con un seguimiento continuo. Incorporar la experiencia de los fumadores es imprescindible para diseñar programas de cesación más efectivos y centrados en el paciente.
Detalles del artículo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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