Violencia en la intimidad: uso de alcohol y otras drogas y salud mental durante la COVID-19 entre jóvenes adultos mexicanos
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Resumen
Introducción: Aunque la pandemia por COVID-19 incrementó la violencia en la intimidad de la familia, el uso de sustancias psicoactivas y los riesgos a la salud mental en países de medio y bajo nivel socio económico, se desconocen cuáles fueron las tendencias y la direccionalidad en la relación entre estas conductas y síntomas durante la pandemia en México, sobre todo al considerar los riesgos por grupos de edad y las tendencias de desarrollo. Este estudio describe la tendencia y la direccionalidad en las relaciones entre la violencia, el daño por el uso de alcohol y otras drogas y los riesgos a la salud mental en jóvenes mexicanos durante la COVID-19.
Método: se utilizó un estudio longitudinal de cohortes respecto a la evolución de grupos de edad con 5,102 mexicanos de 18, 21 y 24 años (con 49% de cumplimiento en las muestras de evolución; por ejemplo, para el primer grupo se seleccionó una muestra de participantes que tenían 18 años en 2021, una muestra de participantes de 19 años en 2022 y una muestra de participantes de 20 años en 2023).
Resultados: los resultados indicaron que las mujeres, los hombres y los jóvenes de 18 y 22 años que sufrieron de violencia en la intimidad reportaron el uso dañino de alcohol, así como síntomas de depresión, ansiedad, estrés postraumático y la perpetración de la violencia. Los hallazgos también sugieren que el uso dañino de alcohol predijo el daño por uso de tabaco, cannabis y sedantes. Las y los jóvenes adultos reportaron síntomas de depresión por la violencia en la intimidad de la familia. Las y los mexicanos de 19 a 21 años y los de 25 reportaron violencia perpetrada como resultado de la violencia recibida. Durante 2022 y 2023, en particular, los grupos cohorte que se involucraron en el uso dañino de alcohol reportaron el uso de alto riesgo de sedantes.
Discusión y conclusiones: los hallazgos indican una tendencia al incremento en la violencia en la intimidad de la familia, uso dañino de alcohol y otras drogas y riesgos a la salud mental en jóvenes mexicanos a lo largo de la pandemia. La política pública debe considerar el diseño de estrategias de prevención costo-efectivas para enfrentar la violencia en la intimidad de la familia como una estrategia para reducir el uso dañino de alcohol y mejorar las condiciones de salud mental en los mexicanos.
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