Propensión al riesgo y procesamiento de recompensas: diferencias en la toma de decisiones entre consumidores excesivos de alcohol y no bebedores
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Resumen
Introducción: el consumo excesivo de alcohol es un patrón de consumo que afecta la salud y el bienestar y está asociado con la toma de decisiones riesgosas, incluidas la conducción en estado de ebriedad y el comportamiento sexual de riesgo.
Objetivo: esta investigación tuvo como objetivo contrastar el rendimiento en tareas de toma de decisiones entre un grupo control de no bebedores y un grupo con consumo excesivo de alcohol, y determinar la medida conductual de toma de decisiones que distingue de manera más efectiva el consumo excesivo de alcohol.
Método: la muestra estuvo compuesta por 43 controles y 25 consumidores. Utilizamos las siguientes tareas de comportamiento: Balloon Analogue Risk Task (BART), Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), Delay Discounting (DD), y las versiones fría y caliente del Columbia Card Task (CCT-cold y CCT-hot, respectivamente) para medir la toma de decisiones.
Resultados: se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los grupos con las tareas BART y CCT-cold. Además, el análisis de correlación de Pearson mostró una correlación negativa entre BART, CCT-hot y CCT-cold (bajo rendimiento) y la cantidad de consumo de alcohol. El análisis de discriminación mostró que las tareas BART y CCT-cold son los mejores predictores del consumo excesivo de alcohol.
Discusión y conclusiones: el estudio encuentra diferencias significativas en la toma de decisiones entre los grupos, particularmente en tareas relacionadas con riesgos. Esto sugiere la importancia de diseñar intervenciones específicas centradas en estas vulnerabilidades cognitivas.
Detalles del artículo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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