Comunicación no verbal y alexitimia en pacientes con esquizofrenia
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Resumen
Introducción: la esquizofrenia se acompaña de déficits como alteraciones en la percepción social. La alexitimia, la incapacidad para expresar emociones o sentimientos, es un déficit comunicativo emocional común en la esquizofrenia.
Objetivo: evaluar la capacidad de percepción de claves sociales, actitudes interpersonales y comunicación de intenciones por canales expresivos no verbales en pacientes con esquizofrenia frente a un grupo control.
Método: se trata de un estudio transversal y comparativo (102 sujetos, de 18 a 45 años). El primer grupo estaba formado por 50 pacientes con esquizofrenia (48% hombres) según los criterios del DSM-5. El segundo grupo estaba formado por 52 sujetos (51.9% hombres) sin psicopatología ni antecedentes de trastornos mentales en familiares en primer grado, déficits neurológicos ni discapacidad intelectual. Se utilizó el MiniPONS para evaluar la percepción social y la escala TAS-20 para evaluar la alexitimia. Se utilizaron pruebas χ2 y t de Student, y un análisis de varianza con dos factores (grupo-sexo) para las puntuaciones de MiniPONS y TAS. Se buscaron correlaciones entre MiniPONS, alexitimia y PANSS.
Resultados: encontramos una correlación significativa entre educación y las puntuaciones MiniPONS y TAS en el grupo de esquizofrenia: r = .36, p < .01 y r = -.46, p < .01, pero no en el grupo control: r = .17, p = .41 y r = -.08, p = .71. El grupo con esquizofrenia obtuvo peores resultados en el MiniPONS: 39.90, DE = 5.99.
Discusión y conclusiones: nuestros resultados muestran un peor rendimiento global en comunicación no verbal e identificación de afectos en el grupo de pacientes. Estos fallos ejemplifican la dificultad para comprender sus propias emociones.
Detalles del artículo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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