Sueño saludable, sistema orexinérgico y adicción
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Introducción: las alteraciones del sueño son frecuentemente reportadas en el contexto de depresión, ansiedad y trastorno por abuso de sustancias, observaciones que han fortalecido la noción de que existe un vínculo subyacente. El sistema orexinérgico inerva simultáneamente los núcleos conocidos por promover el sueño y la vigilia, además de los involucrados en el circuito mesolímbico de la recompensa, por lo que teóricamente, tiene la capacidad de promover tanto la vigilia como aspectos de la conducta adictiva.
Objetivo: describir tanto el papel del sistema orexinérgico en las conductas de sueño y abuso de sustancias, como el potencial terapéutico de los moduladores orexinérgicos para el tratamiento de estas.
Método: búsqueda de artículos científicos en bases de datos científicas (PubMed, Scopus y Science Direct) para encontrar información sobre el sueño, el sistema orexinérgico y los trastornos por abuso de sustancias. La información sobre ensayos clínicos con moduladores orexinérgicos fue obtenida en línea de la página web clinicaltrials.gov y el registro del International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN).
Resultados: evidencia experimental favorece la noción de que la hiperactividad del sistema orexinérgico puede conducir al insomnio e incrementar conductas de búsqueda de drogas, y que la modulación orexinérgica tiene amplio potencial terapéutico.
Discusión y conclusiones: el trastorno de abuso de sustancias se presenta frecuentemente con desordenes del sueño, una relación que ha mostrado incrementar la tasa de recaídas. Los antagonistas orexinérgicos reducen la actividad del sistema orexinérgico, lo que incrementa la calidad de sueño y reduce la intensidad de los síntomas de abstinencia en pacientes. Por lo tanto, la hiperactividad del sistema orexinérgico se afianza como el mecanismo subyacente entre trastornos del sueño y abuso de sustancias.
Detalles del artículo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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