La neuroplasticidad como un potencial sustrato en abordajes terapéuticos del trastorno por consumo de sustancias de abuso: una revisión narrativa en modelos animales y estudios clínicos
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Resumen
Introducción: el Trastorno por Consumo de Sustancias de Abuso (TCSA), es un problema de salud pública que presenta una necesidad de innovación sobre los abordajes terapéuticos. Al considerar la vasta evidencia de cambios en neuroplasticidad dentro del circuito de recompensa (CR), que es el encargado de codificar el aprendizaje del consumo de sustancias, se ha propuesto modular la neuroplasticidad como un sustrato en abordajes terapéuticos contra las adicciones.
Objetivo: analizar la literatura reciente sobre la investigación de la neuroplasticidad como sustrato terapéutico del TCSA.
Método: se realizó una revisión narrativa de artículos indexados en las bases de datos PubMed y Scopus de los últimos cinco años referentes a la neuroplasticidad y al tratamiento del TCSA.
Resultados: Los estudios identificados mostraron efectos sobre el proceso de aprendizaje al consumo de sustancias de abuso en modelos animales mediante diversas técnicas de neuromodulación, así como propuestas para disminuir la ansiedad y las recaídas por el consumo en humanos mediante farmacoterapia y técnicas de neuromodulación no invasivas.
Discusión y conclusiones: si bien el tratamiento para el TCSA genera respuestas heterogéneas por la propia naturaleza de esta condición, es posible ofrecer opciones terapéuticas con mayor efectividad mediante la comprensión de los cambios neuroplásticos asociados a distintos fármacos y técnicas de neuroestimulación.
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Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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