Efecto del tratamiento sobre el descuento temporal y probabilístico en participantes con trastorno por uso de crack
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Resumen
Introducción: diversos estudios han mostrado que individuos con dependencia de drogas psicoactivas muestran un descuento temporal pronunciado de recompensas monetarias en contraste con no consumidores. Este hallazgo resulta de utilidad clínica como una característica conductual susceptible a modificación por tratamientos psicológicos.
Objetivo: evaluar modificaciones pre-post en descuento temporal y probabilístico, sintomatología somática, ansiedad, depresión, psicosis y autoeficacia, en participantes con trastorno por uso de crack severo que recibieron una de dos modalidades de tratamiento psicológico y en un grupo control sin consumo.
Método: se trabajó con 92 participantes, 31 en cada uno de los tratamientos y 30 en el grupo control. Se evaluó a los tres grupos de manera pre-post; el post se llevó a cabo después de 40 días para los tres grupos, tiempo durante el cual recibían alguna de las dos modalidades de atención, a excepción del grupo control, al cual se le dio cita para la evaluación post.
Resultados: las mediciones pre-post de descuento temporal y probabilístico no cambiaron en ninguno de los tres grupos. En contraste, ambas modalidades de tratamiento incrementaron la autoeficacia y disminuyeron síntomas somáticos como ansiedad, depresión y psicoticismo.
Discusión y conclusiones: se demostró la estabilidad de las mediciones de descuento ante el tratamiento psicológico; otras variables sí fueron susceptibles de modificación debido al tratamiento, por lo que la utilidad clínica del descuento, como una variable que indique el éxito de la intervención, debe seguir explorándose en futuras investigaciones.
Detalles del artículo
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